Sphene, also known as Titanite
Sphene gemology
Species: Titanite
Color: Yellow, brown, green, reddish
Chemical composition: CaTiSiO5 calcium titanium silicate
Crystal system: (Monoclinic) platy
Hardness: 5 - 5.5
Specific gravity: 3.52 - 3.54
Refractive index: 1.843 - 2.110
Birefringence: +0.100 to +0.192
Color of streak: White,
Absorption spectrum: 586, 582
Fluorescence: None
Deposits are found in: Austria, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland and the United States.
Crystals of sphene are normally small therefor gems are typically less than 2 Carat size.
Sphene color can be changed to red or orange by heat enhancement,
