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Spinel is a hard, durable mineral known for its wide range of colors and use as a gemstone, often mistaken for other gems like ruby or sapphire. Its chemical composition is magnesium aluminum oxide (\(MgAl_{2}O_{4}\)), and it rates an 8 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it tough and resistant to scratches. Spinel is found in vivid red, pink, orange, blue, violet, and green, as well as brown and black.

Colors and origins Color source: Trace elements, such as chromium for red and pink hues, iron for red and black, and manganese and cobalt for blues and purples. Natural color variations: Can be colorless, but impurities are usually present, creating a spectrum of colors: Red, Pink, Orange: From chromium and sometimes iron. Blue, Violet, Purple: From cobalt and manganese. Green, Yellow: These are rare in nature and often lab-created. Black: Also known as pleonast, due to high iron content. Color-change: Some varieties exhibit a color-change property, appearing bluish-gray in daylight and shifting to purple under artificial light. Identification and value Often confused with: Ruby and sapphire. Historically, many famous "rubies" were actually spinel. Distinguishing features: It is singly refractive, which separates it from doubly refractive gems like ruby and sapphire. Value: Depends on the color and quality. Vivid red, cobalt blue, bright pink, and bright orange are highly desirable and valuable. Pales colors like lavender are more affordable. Inclusions: High-quality spinels have few visible inclusions. History and Lore - One of the most famous examples is the so-called “Black Prince's ruby.” This historic crimson-red gem is set in England's Imperial State Crown and displayed in ... Uses and history Jewelry: Its durability makes it a popular choice for all types of jewelry. Historical significance: Many famous historical "rubies," such as the "Black Prince's Ruby", are actually spinel. Birthstone: Spinel was added as a birthstone for August, sharing the month with peridot and sardonyx.