Sapphire is a precious gemstone known for its striking beauty and exceptional hardness, second only to diamond. It belongs to the corundum mineral family and is most commonly found in a vivid blue hue, though it also appears in a variety of colors, including pink, yellow, green, and white. The rich blue variety, often associated with royalty and wisdom, is the most sought-after. Sapphires are formed under intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth and are mined in countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Madagascar. They are highly valued in jewelry, especially for engagement rings, due to their durability and brilliance. In ancient cultures, sapphires were believed to protect against envy and harm. Today, they symbolize loyalty, truth, and sincerity. The gemstone’s luster and depth of color make it a favorite among gem collectors. Sapphires are also used in scientific instruments and watches due to their toughness.