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Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a type of corundum, that's known for its hardness and a wide range of colors. While most commonly associated with blue, sapphires can be found in every color except red, which is then classified as a ruby. Sapphires are valued for their durability, beauty, and the variety of colors they offer.

Key Features:

Mineral Composition:

Sapphires are a variety of the mineral corundum, which is aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

Color:

The color of a sapphire is due to trace elements within the crystal, such as iron, titanium, cobalt, or chromium.

Hardness:

Sapphires are very hard, with a Mohs hardness of 9, making them durable and suitable for jewelry.

Color Variety:

Sapphires come in a rainbow of colors, including blue, pink, orange, yellow, green, purple, colorless, and black.

Uses:

Sapphires are used in jewelry and also have industrial applications due to their hardness, such as in jewel bearings and abrasives.

History and Etymology:

The name "sapphire" comes from the Latin and Greek words meaning "blue stone".

Culturally significant:

Sapphires are the birthstone for September and are associated with various beliefs and symbolism.