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Emeralds are a type of beryl mineral that are green to bluish green in color:

Color

High-quality emeralds have a highly saturated green color. The best color is usually perpendicular to the top of the crystal.

Cut

Emeralds can be cut into many shapes and sizes, but are most often cut into an "Emerald cut," which is a rectangular step cut with beveled corners. The emerald cut helps protect against damage by providing secure locations for prongs.

Inclusions

Most emeralds have many inclusions, which can create an internal scene called a "jardin," or garden.

Hardness

Emeralds have a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale.

Toughness

Emeralds are generally considered to have poor toughness (resistance to breakage).

Name

The word "emerald" comes from the Greek word smaragdos, which means "green stone".

Symbolism

Emeralds have been associated with rebirth, renewal, and spring. They were also revered as a holy gemstone by the Incas and Aztecs.

Location

The largest and most productive deposits of emeralds are found in South America, with emeralds from Brazil being particularly sought after