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Tourmaline is a group of minerals with a wide range of colors, hardness, and physical properties:

Color: Tourmaline comes in many colors, including black, brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, and pink. It can also be bi-colored or tri-colored.

Hardness: Tourmaline has a hardness of 7.5 on the Moh's scale, making it hard enough to be used as a gemstone.

Pyroelectric: Tourmaline becomes electrically charged when heated or squeezed.

Chemical composition: Tourmaline is made up of boron and other elements, such as aluminum, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium.

Crystal structure: Tourmaline has the same crystal structure but different atoms.

Name: The name "tourmaline" comes from the Sinhalese words tura mali, which mean "stone of mixed colors".