Ruby is a dynamic, open-source programming language focused on simplicity and productivity. It was created in 1995 by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto in Japan. Ruby is known for its elegant syntax, which is easy to read and write, often described as being close to natural English.

• Paradigm: Object-oriented (everything is an object), but also supports functional and procedural styles.

• Key Features:
  

  • Human-friendly syntax

  • Pure object-oriented design (even numbers and booleans are objects)

  • Automatic memory management (garbage collection)

  • Metaprogramming capabilities (programs can modify themselves at runtime)

  • Large standard library and strong community support

• Famous Framework: Ruby is best known for powering Ruby on Rails (Rails), a popular web application framework that emphasizes convention over configuration and rapid development.

• Use Cases:
  

  • Web development (Rails, Sinatra)

  • Automation and scripting

  • DevOps tools (Chef, Puppet)

  • Data processing and prototyping

Ruby (Gemstone)

Ruby is also a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminum oxide). Its red color comes from trace amounts of chromium.

• Color: Ranges from pinkish-red to deep blood-red (the most valuable shade is called “pigeon blood red”).

• Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale (second only to diamond).

• Symbolism: Associated with passion, vitality, love, and power.

• Uses: Jewelry, ornamentation, and historically in royal regalia.