Bastnasite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Ebia bastnasite yɛ aboɔden abo a wonnim no kɛse wɔ aboɔden abo wiase no mu, nanso ɛyɛ ade a wɔntaa nnye nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano a wɔsom bo esiane ne kɔla a ɛyɛ amber, ɛwo kɔkɔɔ, ne bruu kɔkɔɔ nti. Ɔbo no kura refractive index a ɛkorɔn, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɔ hann pii, na ɛma ɛhyerɛn kɛse na ɛhyerɛn. Ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ɛyɛ soronko, ɛntaa nsi esiane ne dade a ɛhyerɛn nti.

Ɛsan nso yɛ asase so ade a ɛho hia a wɔbu no sɛ ɛsom bo esiane sɛnea wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma ne mfiridwuma mu nti.

Gem Rock Auctions yɛ abusua adwuma a awo ntoatoaso pii na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔde aboɔden abo ne aboɔden abo ayɛ wɔn adwene mfe du du pii. Wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu no, yɛbɛma wo nteaseɛ wɔ nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ anigyeɛ nyinaa a ɛfa bastnasite aboɔden aboɔ ho, a ne mfitiaseɛ, ne su, ne boɔ, ne nea ɛkeka ho ka ho.

Ɛfa Bastnasite Ɔbo ho

Bastnasite yɛ carbonate mineral a ɛho yɛ na a fluorine wom a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ ahinanan. Ɔbo no abɔde mu denden a ɛba fam (4-5 wɔ Mohs denden nsenia so) kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nea eye ma agude nhyehyɛe. Nanso, bastnasite aboɔden abo a wɔatwitwa no fɛfɛɛfɛ na ɛwɔ afã horow wɔ hɔ ampa. Ɛho hia sɛ wususuw ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde saa aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu yi gu mmeae a ɛbɔ ho ban. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, bastnasite ma wonya aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔde kyerɛ.

Mpɛn pii no, bastnasite yɛ nea wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano a wɔn ani gye aboɔden abo no ho esiane ne kɔla a ɛho yɛ na na ɛyɛ soronko nti no som bo. Nanso ɔbo no wɔ mfiridwuma mu mfaso nso. Bastnasite ore ma lanthanides — nnuru a wɔde yɛ batere, ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri, ne magnet.

Bastnasite nyaa ne din fii ne mfiase wɔ Sweden, na wɔde Bastnäs Tuo a wodii kan huu no no din too so. Nsɛmfua a ɛntaa nsi wɔ ɔbo no ho ne hermartite, hamartite, kyshtymosparisite, ne basikfluorcerium. Wɔ aboɔden abo aguadi mu no, aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom frɛ no “cerium sub-fluate.”

Bastnasite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Bastnasite yɛ carbonate mineral kuw no fã. Saa aboɔden abo yi ba wɔ baabi a nnuru a wɔde yɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ. Wɔde nneɛma a ɛho yɛ na (a ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ cerium) a ɛkyekyere carbonate akuw na ɛyɛ ne nhyehyɛe, na fluorine di dwuma titiriw a ɛboa.

Carbonate fã no fi nsu a carbon dioxide a wɔapete pii wom mu, bere a fluorine no boa ma wɔde nneɛma a ɛho yɛ na no kɔ na ɛboaboa ano bere a aboɔden abo no reyɛ ahwehwɛ no.

Eyi nti na bastnasite da ne ho adi wɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ soronko te sɛ carbonatites ne alkaline nhyehyɛe ahorow mu sen sɛ ɛbɛda adi wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ komm, a nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam a carbonates te sɛ calcite da biara da, nanso tebea horow a ɛyɛ hyew, a ɛyɛ hyew kɛse a nneɛma a wɔntaa nhu betumi aboaboa wɔn ho ano na wɔatoto mu no.

Aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛwɔ anim a ɛwɔ carbonate kuw no mu bi ne:

• Parisite-(Ce) .

• Parisite-(La) .

• Synchysite-(Ce) a ɛyɛ 100.

Bastnasite agyapadeɛ a wɔahyehyɛ no nyinaa nie:

• Nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ / Nnuru a wɔde yɛ: (Ce,La)(CO3)F

• Efĩ a ɛtaa ba: La, Nd, Pr, Th, Ca, Fe

• Aboɔden abo abusua: Carbonate (fluorocarbonate) .

• Ɔkwan / suban: Tabular, prismatic crystals; granular, a ɛyɛ kɛse

• Kɔla ahorow: Kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, bruu, ahabammono-kɔla, ɛwo

• Nneɛma afoforo (absorption spectrum, optic sign, ne nea ɛkeka ho): Uniaxial (+); radioactive bere a Th-bearing no

• Nneɛma titiriw a wonya fi: Mountain Pass (California, U.S.A.); Bayan Obo (Mongolia a ɛwɔ Mfinimfini, China); Zagi Bepɔw (Pakistan); Madagascar; Norway

• Mohs denden: 4–4.5

• Kɔla: Kɔla kosi bruu, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe: Trigonal (ahinanan scalenohedral kuw) .

• Luster: Ɛyɛ akisikuru

• Transparency: Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw: ~1.72–1.84

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den: ~4.9-5.2 g/cm3

• Cleavage: Ɛda nsow wɔ papa ho wɔ ɔkwan biako so

• Fracture: Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ kosi subconchoidal

• Streak: Fitaa kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Luminescence: Ɛtaa yɛ fluorescent (kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, anaa ahabammono) wɔ UV ase

• Pleochroism: Ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛkɔ fam

• Nsonsonoe abien: ~0.10–0.12

• Optical effects (sɛ ɛfata a): Radioactivity-fam luminescence, facetable gem suban a ɛntaa nsi

Bastnasite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Wɔ 1838 mu no, Swedenni nnuruyɛfo bi a wɔfrɛ no Wilhelm Hisinger huu bastnasite aboɔden abo a edi kan. Nanso, mfe abiɛsa akyi ansa na wonyaa ne din a aban de frɛ no. Ɛnyɛ nnuruyɛfo a ohui no na ɔtoo aboɔden abo no din, na mmom Franseni bi a ɔyɛ aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a wɔfrɛ no Jean Jacques Nicolas Huot na ɔbɔɔ aboɔden abo no din.

Huot de ɔmantam a wodii kan huu no din too aboɔden abo no so: Bastnäs Mine a ɛbɛn Riddarhyttan, Västmanland wɔ Sweden. Nea ɛma bastnasite yɛ anigye kɛse ne sɛ, ɛnte sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo na ne bo yɛ fã bi , ɛntaa nsi sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo, nanso wɔde di dwuma pii sɛ mfiridwuma mu aboɔden abo.

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere a wohuu bastnasite mfiase no akyi mfe ɔha no, wɔde bastnasite dii dwuma kɛse wɔ mfiridwuma mu wɔ 1949 mu bere a wohuu ade kɛse bi a wɔde asie wɔ Mountain Pass, California no.

Efi 1960-1980 mfe no mu no, California bɛyɛɛ ɔman a edi kan a ɛde lanthanides ma. Nanso nsakrae foforo sii wɔ 1980 mfe no mu bere a wotutuu ade foforo a wɔde asie wɔ China Mongolia Mfinimfini mantam mu no. Efi saa bere no, China abɛyɛ wiase nyinaa beae titiriw a wonya bastnasite lanthanides fibea.

Ɛnnɛ, bastnasite yɛ wiase no mu mmeae a ɛho hia sen biara a wonya lanthanides no mu biako, a sɛ wɔka bom a, nea ɛka ho ne cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, ne praseodymium. Bere a ebia wunnya ntee saa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ anigye yi ho asɛm no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wowɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu.

Akwan a wɔtaa fa so de bastnasite di dwuma wɔ nnɛyi mfiridwuma mu no bi ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ magnet ahorow a ahoɔden wom kɛse a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mframa afiri, kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom, akasam, ne kɔmputa hard drive mu.

Bastnasite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Esiane sɛ ebia awuduru wɔ bastnasite mu nti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ahwɛyiye di ho dwuma na ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛne nsu nhyia. Ɛno akyi no, ayaresa ho animdefo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ adwene mu no bi hu sɛ bastnasite de ayaresa tumi a tumi wom hoahoa ne ho.

Ɔbo no fam ahoɔden no ne ntini chakra no di nkitaho ma ɛboa ma nkate kari pɛ bere a wobue nsusuwii foforo ano no. Ntease wom sɛ asase so aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu no biako bɛka fam kɛse saa na ɛne ntini chakra, ahoɔden, pefeeyɛ, ne abankɛse mfinimfini no ahyia.

Bastnasite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Ahosuo

Bastnasite wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛyɛ hyew, efi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann kosi ɛwo-kɔla, borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ ahabammono-kɔla. Kɔla a abu so na wɔhwehwɛ kɛse ne kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn kosi ɛwo.

Ne kɔla fi cerium ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛho yɛ na a ɛtɔ mmere bi a efĩ nketenkete te sɛ neodymium anaa dade nya so nkɛntɛnso titiriw. Kɔla ahorow a wɔntaa nhu na ɛsom bo sen biara ne sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla anaa borɔdɔma a ɛyɛ dɛ a ɛda adi yiye.

Twa

Yɛkaa sɛ bastnasite a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na koraa. Sɛ yesusuw saa a, bastnasite abo a ɛwɔ afã horow pii nni gua so. Nanso, nkurɔfo ani gye nneɛma nketenkete a wɔasen ne cabochons ho yiye. Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a eye a wɔfa so yɛ no smoothing na polishing, a ɛne twitwa kɔ ɔbo no mu bɔ abira, a ebetumi ama atetesɛm faceting ayɛ den esiane ɔbo no brittle hardness ne pɛpɛɛpɛ cleavage nti.

Nea Ɛda adi ANAA Ɛda adi pefee / Nea Ɛda adi pefee

Nneɛma te sɛ inclusions , emu apaapae, ne growth zoning betumi aka bastnasite no pefee. Mpɛn pii no, ɔbo no yɛ nea ɛda adi yiye kosi sɛ ɛyɛ hann koraa. Eyi betumi aka ɔbo no kɔla, na ɛde ato Type II–III . Ne titiriw no, eyi kyerɛ sɛ wotumi hu nneɛma bi a wɔde aka ho bere a worehwɛ ɔbo no wɔ kɛseyɛ ase no. Nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka ho a ebia wubehu ne adwennwen nhama, mpaapaemu nsɛnkyerɛnne, ne mineral crystals.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Bastnasite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow dodow no ara mu duru nnu carat biako. Eyi fi nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ aboɔden abo no yɛ mmerɛw kɛse no titiriw, enti sɛ wobenya nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo. Ɛda adi sɛ nhwɛsode akɛse bɛyɛ bɛyɛ carat 1-3 na wɔde adi dwuma sɛ cabochons anaasɛ nneɛma a wɔde kyerɛ. Mpɛn pii no, wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no bu asinasin biara a ɛsõ sen eyi sɛ ɛsom bo.

Bastnasite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Esiane sɛ wunim sɛ bastnasite yɛ asase mu aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu nti, ɛyɛ dɛn ankasa?

Te sɛ carbonate mineral afoforo no, bastnasite ba wɔ carbon dioxide a element pii wom a wɔde fluorine nsu afra mu. Asase ho tebea titiriw a ɛma bastnasite ba ne bere a nsu mu hyew anaasɛ magmatic dwumadi a ɛba akyiri no. Aboɔden abo no ba wɔ carbonatites, nsu mu hyew ntini, ne alkaline igneous complexes mu.

Mmeae pii wɔ hɔ a ɛda nsow a wotu bastnasite:

• Mountain Pass, California de wiase nyinaa ahiadeɛ bɛboro 90% ma

• Bayan Obo, China ne asase a ɛho yɛ na a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ wiase

• Zagi Bepɔw, Pakistan

• Madagascar

• Bastnas Nneɛma a Wɔtow, Sweden

Bastnasite Bo & Ne Bo

Bastnasite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛntaa nsi a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu, nanso, sɛ́ asase a ɛho yɛ na no, nhwɛsode ahorow bi betumi akura bo kɛse. Ɛno akyi no, nneɛma bo gu ahorow kɛse a egyina ɔbo no su ne ne kɛse so.

Abo nketewa a wɔantwitwa no betumi agye bɛyɛ dɔla 10-50, bere a abo a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo betumi ayɛ dɔla ɔhaha pii kosi mpempem pii.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, saa bastnasite ɔbo a ne kɛse yɛ carat 1.03 yi fi ase fi $35 .

Ɔbo a ɛho yɛ na, a ɛsõ sen saa te sɛ aboɔden abo, te sɛsaa bastnasite a ne kɛse yɛ carat 5.80 yi fi ase fi $350 wɔ Gem Rock Auctions.

Bastnasite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Bere a wobu bastnasite sɛ mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den no, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye na woakwati sɛ worensɛe ɔbo no. Titiriw sɛ ɛda so ara wɔ ne ore mu na ɛkura mfutuma awuduru biara anaasɛ radioactivity a ɛba fam esiane uranium anaa thorium kakraa bi nti a.

Wobu bastnasite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo sɛ ɛyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho sɛ wobedi ho dwuma na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ di ho dwuma . Fa samina a ɛnyɛ den ne nsu a ɛyɛ hyew tew ɔbo no ho kɛkɛ. Nanso, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhohoro wo nsa bere a woadi ho dwuma awie no na ama woabɔ wo ho ban afi mfutuma a ɛyɛ radioactive ho.

Bere a woreyam anaa woretwitwa bastnasite no, yɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a mframa pa fa mu na hyɛ ahobammɔ nneɛma a ɛbɔ wo honam ani ne w’ani ho ban fi mfutuma a awuduru wom ho.

Fa Bastnasite Bɔ W’asetra a Ɛyɛ Paara!

Sɛnea yɛaka wɔ asɛm yi mu no, bastnasite yɛ asase so aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ anigye. Bere a ebia ɛnyɛ nea abu so te sɛ aboɔden abo afoforo a yɛtɔn no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ anigye sen biara no mu biako. Ɛno nti na wɔn a wɔboaboa aboɔden abo ano ne wɔn a wɔn ani gye aboɔden aboɔ ho nyinaa hwe ase wɔ saa ade foforo nhwɛsode yi a mfaso wɔ so te sɛ nea ɛyɛ soronko yi a ɛtwetwe adwene ne n’anuonyam no ho.

Kɔtɔ Bastnasite aboɔden abo nnɛ!