Sphene, also known as titanite, is a brilliant calcium titanium silicate gemstone prized for its extraordinary fire and vivid dispersion, often surpassing that of diamond. Usually found in rich shades of green, yellow, or brown, it exhibits strong pleochroism and an adamantine to resinous luster that gives it remarkable visual depth. Though relatively soft at 5–5.5 on the Mohs scale, its striking rainbow flashes and vibrant color make it highly sought after by collectors. Formed in metamorphic and igneous rocks, quality sphene is sourced from regions such as Madagascar, Pakistan, and Brazil, where its unique optical beauty continues to captivate gem enthusiasts.