An emerald is a precious gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl, colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. It is one of the four recognized precious stones, along with diamond, sapphire, and ruby.

Here’s a detailed description:

• Color: Rich green to bluish-green, with vivid intensity being the most prized. The depth of color is the key factor in determining value.

• Transparency: Ranges from transparent to opaque. Most emeralds contain inclusions (called jardin, French for “garden”) that are accepted as part of their natural character.

• Hardness: 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, but due to inclusions, they can be more fragile than other gems of similar hardness.

• Luster: Vitreous (glass-like).

• Chemical Formula: Be3Al2(SiO3)6 with chromium and/or vanadium giving the green color.

• Sources: Colombia (world’s most famous and finest quality), Zambia, Brazil, Afghanistan, and Zimbabwe, among others.

• Symbolism: Traditionally associated with rebirth, love, and wisdom. In many cultures, emeralds represent prosperity, growth, and renewal.