Emeralds are a variety of the mineral beryl, colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Known for their vibrant, rich green hue, emeralds are considered one of the most precious gemstones. Their color can range from pale green to deep, almost bluish green, with the most prized being a vivid, intense green.

Emeralds have a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making them fairly durable but still susceptible to scratching or chipping. They often contain inclusions, known as "jardin," which are natural internal features that make each emerald unique. These inclusions can affect the gem's clarity but are often seen as part of the stone's character.

Emeralds have been treasured throughout history, especially in ancient Egypt, where they were considered a symbol of fertility and rebirth. Today, they are highly sought after in fine jewelry, particularly in engagement rings and high-end accessories. The most famous sources of emeralds include Colombia, Zambia, and Brazil.