Sapphire Description:

Sapphire is one of the most valuable and durable gemstones, known for its deep blue color but found in a variety of hues. It is a member of the corundum mineral family, composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). The presence of trace elements like iron and titanium gives sapphire its color.

Key Characteristics of Sapphire:

• Color: Most commonly deep blue, but also found in pink, yellow, green, purple, orange, white, and even color-changing varieties. Red corundum is classified as ruby.

• Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale (extremely durable, second only to diamond).

• Luster: Vitreous (glassy) with strong brilliance.

• Clarity: High-quality sapphires are typically eye-clean, but some may have minor inclusions, such as silk-like rutile needles.

• Refractive Index: 1.76 – 1.78, contributing to its brilliance.

• Formation: Found in metamorphic, igneous, and alluvial deposits.

• Sources: Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Kashmir (India), Madagascar, Thailand, Australia, and the U.S. (Montana).

Special Types of Sapphire:

• Padparadscha Sapphire: A rare pinkish-orange variety highly prized for its unique color.

• Star Sapphire: Exhibits a six-rayed star effect (asterism) due to aligned rutile inclusions.

• Color-Change Sapphire: Shifts between blue and purple depending on lighting.

Treatment and Enhancements:

• Heat Treatment: Commonly used to improve color and clarity.

• Unheated Sapphires: Rare and highly valuable.

• Beryllium Treatment: Used to create vibrant orange or yellow hues.

Uses and Value:

• Used in high-end jewelry such as rings, necklaces, and crowns.

• September birthstone and a popular choice for engagement rings.

• Worn for symbolism—associated with wisdom, loyalty, and protection.

Would you like a comparison between sapphire and another gemstone, like tanzanite or spinel?