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Ruby is a precious, red variety of the mineral corundum, known for its excellent hardness (9 on the Mohs scale) and valued as a gemstone and in lasers. Its characteristic color comes from trace amounts of chromium and can range from pinkish-red to blood-red, sometimes with orange or purple tints. Other color varieties of corundum are classified as sapphires, and the line between ruby and pink sapphire can be subjective.

Gemological Properties

• Mineral:

  Ruby is a variety of corundum, the same mineral as sapphire.

• Color:

  Colored by chromium, rubies are distinguished by their red hues, which can range from a pinkish-red to a deep, vibrant red.

• Hardness:

  With a score of 9 on the Mohs scale, ruby is one of the hardest minerals on Earth, second only to the diamond.

• Source:

  Gem-quality rubies are often mined in countries like Myanmar (Burma) and Mozambique.

Cultural Significance

• Precious Gem: Ruby is considered one of the four traditional precious gemstones, along with diamond, emerald, and sapphire.

• Birthstone: It is the birthstone for the month of July.

• Symbolism: The word "ruby" itself comes from the Latin word ruber, meaning "red," and the gem has been prized for centuries for its beautiful color and rarity.

Uses

• Jewelry:

  Cut and polished rubies are highly valued and commonly used in jewelry, such as rings, necklaces, and earrings.

• Industry:

  Due to its hardness, ruby is also used in industrial applications, including the creation of lasers.