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A black diamond is a rare and valuable gemstone, also known as carbonado, that is a polycrystalline diamond made of carbon. Its opaque black color comes from natural inclusions of graphite and other minerals or from heat treatment. Unlike traditional diamonds that reflect light, black diamonds absorb light and have a matte finish, though some have a high luster.

Key characteristics

Composition: A polycrystalline structure made of many small diamond crystals. It is composed of diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon.

Color: Opaque black or very dark gray, caused by inclusions of minerals like graphite, pyrite, or magnetite. Some natural ones may have other hues, while treated ones are more uniformly black.

Hardness: Scores a 10 on the Mohs scale, making it just as hard as other diamonds and suitable for daily wear.

Light absorption: Absorbs light rather than reflecting it, giving it an opaque appearance.

Appearance: Has a matte, opaque finish, though some may have a high, metallic luster. Due to the inclusions, they can be challenging to cut and polish.

Origin and types

Natural: Found in limited locations like Central Africa and Brazil.

Treated: Natural diamonds that have undergone a process to enhance their color, making them a more affordable option.

Grading and value

Grading: Due to its unique structure and opacity, it's often placed in its own category rather than graded by the traditional 4Cs. The GIA labels them as a "fancy color".

Value: The value of a black diamond depends on whether it's treated or untreated. Treated ones may cost around $300 per carat, while untreated ones can cost about $3,000 per carat.

Other facts

Symbolism: Often seen as a symbol of strength, power, and inner strength.

Uses: Used in both jewelry and industrial applications, with a growing popularity for engagement rings