Sapphire is a precious gemstone and a variety of the mineral corundum, typically known for its brilliant blue color, though it can come in a range of colors, including pink, yellow, and green. The blue hue of sapphire is due to trace amounts of iron and titanium.

Sapphires are known for their hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, making them the third hardest natural material, only behind diamonds and moissanite. This durability makes them ideal for use in jewelry, such as engagement rings and necklaces, as well as in industrial applications like watch faces and optical components.

Sapphire has symbolic meanings too. It is traditionally associated with wisdom, loyalty, and nobility. Historically, they were worn by royalty, and clergy believed they could protect against envy and harm. The gemstone is often linked with calmness and clarity, both mentally and emotionally.

Most sapphires come from regions such as Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Kashmir, and Thailand, though they can be found in various parts of the world.