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Tourmaline is a semi-precious gemstone known for its wide array of colors, including black, green, red, pink, and even bi-colored or tri-colored varieties. It's a crystalline silicate mineral with a complex chemical composition, and different trace elements contribute to its diverse color range. Tourmaline is also unique for its ability to become electrically charged when heated or under pressure.

Key characteristics of tourmaline:

• Color: Tourmaline exhibits a stunning range of colors, including black (schorl), brown (dravite), green, red (rubellite), pink, yellow, blue, and even colorless or bi-colored varieties.

• Composition: It's a complex silicate mineral with varying amounts of elements like iron, magnesium, lithium, and others, which influence its color.

• Crystal Structure: Tourmaline has a trigonal crystal structure.

• Luster: It generally has a vitreous (glass-like) luster.

• Transparency: Tourmaline can be translucent to opaque.

• Hardness: Tourmaline rates a 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable for jewelry.

• Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Properties:Tourmaline can generate an electric charge when heated or placed under pressure.

• Pleochroism: Many tourmaline varieties display pleochroism, meaning they can appear to be different colors when viewed from different angles.

• Uses: Tourmaline is a popular gemstone for jewelry and also finds use in electrical and pressure-sensitive devices due to its piezoelectric properties