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Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz (\(SiO_{2}\)) that gets its color from iron impurities and other elements. It is a popular gemstone known for its purple hues, ranging from light lilac to deep violet, and is used in jewelry due to its hardness (7 on the Mohs scale). Amethyst is also the birthstone for February and has been associated with royalty and other symbolic meanings throughout history. Chemical Composition: Amethyst is silicon dioxide (\(SiO_{2}\)) with the chemical formula for quartz. Its color comes from traces of iron (\(Fe^{3+}\)) and other elements, along with natural irradiation. Appearance and Properties: It is known for its transparent to translucent quality and vitreous (glassy) luster. It is a hard mineral, rating a 7 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for jewelry. The color is not always uniform, often displaying zones of lighter and darker purple. Uses: It is a popular gemstone for a wide variety of jewelry, such as rings, necklaces, and bracelets. It is also sold as a loose stone and can be found in large, decorative crystal formations. History and Symbolism: The name "amethyst" is believed to come from the Greek words for "not intoxicated," as it was thought to prevent drunkenness in ancient times. It has historically been associated with royalty and wealth because of its deep purple color, and it is also the birthstone for February. Occurrence: Amethyst is found in geodes and volcanic rock cavities worldwide. Major sources include Brazil, Uruguay, and parts of the United States.