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Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a form of the mineral corundum (aluminum oxide, Al2O3), known for its hardness and durability. While the most well-known color is blue, sapphires come in a variety of shades, with red sapphires being classified as rubies. The color of a sapphire is determined by trace elements within the corundum structure, such as iron, titanium, cobalt, or chromium.

Key Features:

Mineral Composition:

Sapphire is a variety of corundum, an aluminum oxide mineral.

Color:

While blue is the most famous, sapphires can be found in various colors like pink, yellow, orange, green, and colorless.

Hardness:

Sapphires are very hard, ranking 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, making them durable and long-lasting.

Inclusions:

Sapphires often contain small inclusions like rutile needles, which can create a "silk" effect or asterism (star-like patterns).

Uses:

Sapphires are used in jewelry and also have industrial applications, such as in watch crystals and abrasives due to their hardness and durability.