Emerald is a precious gemstone known for its vibrant green color and historical significance. It is a variety of the mineral beryl, colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium.

Key Characteristics:

• Color: Ranges from bluish-green to deep, rich green. The most prized emeralds have a vivid, saturated green hue.

• Hardness: 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively hard but also brittle due to inclusions.

• Clarity: Inclusions, often referred to as “jardin” (French for garden), are common and accepted; they are considered part of the gem’s character.

• Luster: Vitreous (glass-like).

• Transparency: Transparent to opaque, though transparent stones are more valuable.

Symbolism & Lore:

• Often associated with rebirth, love, and wisdom.

• Believed in ancient cultures to bring foresight and protect against evil.

• The birthstone for May, and traditionally given on the 55th wedding anniversary.

Sources:

• Major sources include Colombia (most famous for high-quality emeralds), Brazil, Zambia, and Afghanistan.

Uses:

• Popular in fine jewelry, especially rings, pendants, and crowns.

• Frequently used in antique and royal jewelry collections.