A green emerald is one of the most precious and well-known gemstones, celebrated for its rich, vivid green color. Here’s a detailed description:

• Appearance: Emeralds typically display a lush green to bluish-green hue, caused by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium in the mineral beryl. The intensity and uniformity of this green color are what make emeralds so valuable.

• Transparency: They range from transparent to translucent. Most emeralds naturally contain inclusions (tiny fractures, crystals, or gas bubbles), often called the gem’s “jardin” (French for garden), which give each stone a unique character.

• Luster: Emeralds have a vitreous (glassy) luster, which enhances their brilliance when cut and polished.

• Hardness: They measure about 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, making them relatively hard but still more fragile than diamonds, sapphires, or rubies due to internal inclusions.

• Cut: Emeralds are often shaped in the classic “emerald cut” (a rectangular step cut with beveled corners), which helps protect the stone from chipping and highlights its depth of color.

• Symbolism: The emerald has long been associated with renewal, fertility, growth, and wisdom. Many cultures regard it as a stone of love and protection.

• Origins: Major sources include Colombia (famous for the finest deep green emeralds), Zambia, Brazil, and Afghanistan.