Boleite Aboɔden abo: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Boleite (wɔbɔ no BOH-lee-eyet) yɛ aboɔden abo a ɔmanfo nnim no kɛse nanso wɔn a wɔboaboa aboɔden abo ne aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu ano nim no esiane ɔbo no kɔla a ɛyɛ nwonwa nti.

Boleite yɛ bruu a emu dɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa, efi indigo so kosi Prussia bruu so. Sɛ ne kɔla ahorow da nkyɛn a, wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano nso hwehwɛ boleite esiane sɛnea ɛyɛ soronko (a dade pii wom) ne pseudocubic twinning a ɛyɛ anigye nti.

Boleite ntaa nhu sɛ ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ, ɛnyin kɔduru 2cm pɛ mpɛn dodoɔ no ara. Boleite aboɔden abo a wɔatwitwa no ho yɛ na mpo, na boleite a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na ma ɛyɛ nwonwa.

Wopɛ sɛ wuhu pii? Kenkan kɔ so na sua boleite su sɛ aboɔden abo ne aboɔden abo nyinaa, ne n’abakɔsɛm, ayaresa ahoɔden, ne ne bo.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Boleite ahwehwɛ a wɔde mfonini ketewaa biako ayɛ a ɛyɛ cubic nsusuwii a ɛtaa ba ne kɔla bruu a ɛyɛ iridescent azure | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Boleite Ɔbo ho

Boleite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a ɛho yɛ na yiye a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔboaboa ano nkutoo nim. Wɔafrɛ no nso “argentopercylite,” a ɛkyerɛ percylite a dwetɛ wom. Percylite yɛ boleite ne pseudoboleite a wɔde afrafra.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, boleite betumi aboa nsu mu sɛnkyerɛnne biara — Kokoram , Scorpio , anaa Pisces .

Ɛdefa boleite a wɔde di dwuma ho no, wodii kan huu no wɔ kɔbere a wotu mu na ɛyɛɛ dwetɛ, kɔbere, ne kɔbere a wɔde yɛ ade ketewaa bi koraa. Nanso, ɛntaa nsi dodo sɛ ɛbɛyɛ aboɔden abo nnɛ.

Boleite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Wɔ ntease a ɛkɔ akyiri mu no, boleite yɛ halide aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den . Halides yɛ nneɛma a ɛnam halogen acid (te sɛ hydrochloric acid) ne base a ɛyɛ adwuma so na ɛba. Halide aboɔden abo afoforo bi ne halite ne fluorite.

Nanso, nea ɛkɔ akyiri no, boleite yɛ potassium kɔbere dwetɛ kɔbere hydroxychloride. Boleite aduru a Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) apene so mprempren ne KAg9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)48.

Na potassium nka nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru a edi kan no ho na na nsu ka ho, te sɛ aduru a wɔde yɛ Pb26Ag9Cu24Cl62(OH)47·H2O.

Wɔ boleite ahwehwɛ su ho no, ɔbo no taa yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ kuruwa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔayɛ nsakrae wɔ n’anim. Ebinom da pseudocubic penetration twinning adi wɔ afã abiɛsa a ɛteɛteɛ, a ɛhyɛn mu. Wohu boleite nhwɛsode pii sɛ ahwehwɛ nketenkete wɔ ɔbotan a ɛgye wɔn anaa aboɔden abo foforo te sɛ anglesite no matrix so .

Ɔbo no ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe no nyɛ nea wogye tom koraa. Ebinom kyekyɛ mu sɛ isometric (cubic), bere a afoforo nso kyekyɛ mu sɛ tetragonal na pseudo-cubic nkutoo.

Aboɔden abo a ɛfa boleite ho, a ɛwɔ cubic bruu a ɛhyerɛn ne ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den koro no ara no bi ne pseudoboleite, cumengite, ne diaboleite.

Boleite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 3-3.5

• Kɔla : Indigo, Prussia bruu, anaa tuntum-blue

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Isometric/cubic; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔkyekyɛ mu sɛ tetragonal

• Luster : Vitreous anaasɛ ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kosi nea ɛnyɛ hann

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 2.03-2.05

• Nnipa dodow : 5.05

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ [001] so, eye wɔ [101] so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ ahabammono-blue

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Birefringence : Biara nni hɔ

• Apete : Biara nni hɔ

Sɛ yɛtwe yɛn ho fi mineralology ho a, dɛn ne honhom fam ntease a boleite kyerɛ?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Boleite kuruwa anum a ɛhyerɛn a ɛyɛ indigo-blue a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔde ayɛ tete de a efi Amelia Mine a ɛwɔ Boleo, Mexico; Richard Hauck Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano; Wɔboaboaa ano bere a na wɔretu fam denneennen wɔ 1800 mfe no awiei mu hɔ; Boxed set ba ne label a efi owufo, wiase nyinaa dealer a wagye din Dr. AE Foote | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Boleite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Te sɛ po mu nsu ne wim a ɛyɛ komm bruu no, aboɔden abo bruu te sɛ boleite gyina hɔ ma kommyɛ ne biakoyɛ. Boleite metaphysical su ahorow nso betumi aka adamfofa, anigye, ne kari pɛ ho.

Abakɔsɛm

Wɔtoo Boleite din esiane nea wohuu wɔ El Boleo a wotu fam a ɛbɛn Santa Rosalia, Baja California, Mexico no nti.

Wɔdii kan kaa ho asɛm — wɔ mfomsoɔ mu sɛ ɛyɛ oxychloride mineral — Franseni ahwehwɛ ho nimdefoɔ François Ernest Mallard ne Boleo mfiridwumayɛfoɔ a ɔtu fagudeɛ Bernard Louis Philippe Édouard Cumenge wɔ 1891. Mallard nso bɛtintim boleite a cumengeite ne percylite a wɔhunuu wɔ beaeɛ a wɔtu fagudeɛ no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu nso.

Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ mmoayɛnfo José Rosas Villavicencio na ohuu El Boleo a wotu no wɔ 1868 mu, na wɔkɔɔ so tu kɔbere nketenkete kosii 1885. Wofii ase tutuu kɔbere wɔ aguadi mu wɔ 1885 mu, na Franse adwumakuw Compagnie du Boleo na ɛyɛɛ adwuma.

Eduu afeha no mfiase no, wɔkamfoo El Boleo sɛ Mexico kɔbere ahenkurow , na wɔyɛ kɔbere a ɛwɔ ɔman no mu nyinaa mu bɛyɛ tɔn a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ tɔn 11,000 afe biara. Saa yiyedi yi kɔɔ so kosii sɛ tow a na Franse adwumakuw no adi kan agye no twaam na wɔtoo ɔtopae no mu wɔ 1954 mu.

Efi hɔ no, wɔdanee ɔbodan no wurayɛ ne ne dwumadi kɔɔ Mexico aban adwumayɛbea a ɛtu fagude so kosii 1984, afei wɔdan kɔɔ Canada adwumakuw bi so fi 1992 kosi 2012, na awiei koraa no wɔdan kɔɔ Korea adwumakuw bi a ɛda so ara yɛ adwuma no so.

Boleite Aboɔden abo Ayaresa Nneɛma

Ɛwom sɛ ɛho yɛ na de, nanso wɔda so ara de boleite ahwehwɛ di dwuma sɛ abo a wɔde sa honam fam, nkate fam, ne honhom fam nsɛm ahorow.

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wɔkyerɛ sɛ boleite di nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Ti a ɛyɛ yaw

• Menewa mu yaw

• Thyroid a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, mfaso horow bi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ boleite aboɔden abo wɔ so no bi ne nkate a ɛkɔ soro te sɛ abufuw anaa adwennwen a ɛma obi dwo, dadwen a ɛma obi dwo, ne ahotoso a ɛma obi nya ahotoso.

Chakra Ayaresa

Chakra ayaresa hwehwɛ sɛ ahoɔden a ɛsen no kari pɛ denam ahoɔden mfinimfini (chakras) a wɔasiw ano a wobebue so. Boleite yɛ chakra ɔbo a wɔde yɛ menewa ne aniwa chakra a ɛto so abiɛsa.

Menewa ne aniwa a ɛto so abiɛsa chakra ahorow no di nkitahodi, nkate, ne nkate ho dwuma. Sɛ wobue wie a, wobɛtumi ate wo nipasu ankasa ase na woada no adi na woate wiase honhom mu nhumu a ahintaw ase.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Kuw a ɛyɛ indigo-blue boleite cubes 97 a efi Ed Swoboda ankasa nneɛma a waboaboa ano, a ne nyinaa wɔ kɔla pa na ne fã kɛse no ara di mũ | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Boleite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Wɔmfa Boleite aboɔden abo bo no nhyɛ mu te sɛ aboɔden abo afoforo, esiane sɛ ɛho yɛ na koraa nti. Nanso yɛbɛda so ara akɔ sɛnea standard grading factors no fa boleite ho no so:

• Kɔla : Boleite fi indigo kosi Prussia bruu kosi tuntum-blue. Kɔla bruu a ɛyɛ ma pii no bɛsoa bo a ɛkorɔn. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ bruu-ahabammono wɔ hann a wɔde fa nnipa mu.

• Twitwa : Esiane sɛ boleite yɛ mmerɛw na ɛntaa nsi nti, wotwa nhwɛsode ahorow no ma wɔn a wɔboaboa ano nkutoo. Anka boleites biara a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na koraa.

• Transparency : Boleite nne ahorow betumi ama ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ translucent kosi opaque. Crystals a ɛwɔ translucence kɛse, a ɛbɛn transparent no bɛyɛ nea ɛsom bo kɛse.

• Size : Wɔde boleite crystals kakraa bi ayɛ faceted ayɛ no abo nketewa, nanso eyinom ntaa nnya wɔ gua so. Boleite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ den dodow no ara yɛ nketewa, enti ebia nhwɛsode akɛse a ɛyɛ fɛ no bɛsoa bo a ɛkorɔn.

Wonnim boleites a wɔayɛ ho adwuma anaasɛ wɔayɛ no sɛ wɔtɔn.

Ansa na ɛbɛkɔ gua so no, ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ boleite?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Boleite ahwehwɛ a ano yɛ nnam te sɛ agyan a ɛda matrix mu; Efi Laithauser Collection, a wonyae bere a Larson ne Swoboda huu kɛse wɔ 1979 mu akyi | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Boleite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Boleite ba kɔbere ne kɔbere a ɛwɔ hɔ mu sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛto so abien. Aboɔden aboɔ a ɛtɔ so mmienu no ba berɛ a ɔbotan anaa beaeɛ a atwa ho ahyia no nya nsakraeɛ te sɛ wim tebea, oxidation, anaa nsakraeɛ, na ɛdane kan (titiriw) aboɔden aboɔ a ɛwɔ hɔ no ma ɛbɛyɛ aboɔden aboɔ foforɔ (a ɛtɔ so mmienu).

Wɔ boleite fam no, sulfide a ɛwɔ kɔbere ne kɔbere mu no ne nsu a chloride wom yɛ adwuma. Nneɛma a ɛto so abien a efi mu ba ne boleite ne aboɔden abo a ɛte saa ara te sɛ cumengite.

Nanso, wobetumi ahu boleite nso wɔ smelter slags a wɔde gu po mu baabi a po mu nsu no “yi” no.

Smelter slags yɛ nneɛma bi a efi mu ba (slags) a woyi fi hɔ bere a wɔma ore bi yɛ hyew de yi dade a wɔde yɛ ade (smelting). Eyi yɛ pyrometamorphism bi, baabi a wɔsesa aboɔden abo a ɛto so abien bi denam ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no so anaasɛ bere a wɔsakra slag no.

Wɔtaa hu aboɔden abo pseudoboleite ne cumengeite wɔ epitaxially ne boleite, a wɔde asie wɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ tratraa mu wɔ boleite atifi.

Aboɔden abo a wohu sɛ ɛne boleite wɔ abusuabɔ no bi ne:

• Anglesite a ɛwɔ hɔ

• Atacamite a wɔde di dwuma

• Bideauxite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Caledonite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Cerussite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Cumengeite a ɔyɛ ɔdefo

• Gypsum a wɔfrɛ no Gypsum

• Kɔbere a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Matlockite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Paralaurionite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Paratacamite a wɔde di dwuma

• Phosgenite a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu

• Pseudoboleite a ɛyɛ atoro

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu boleite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Mprempren wonim sɛ boleite ahwehwɛ akɛse, a wɔayɛ no yiye anaasɛ epitaxially anyin boro so fibea nkutoo ne Amelia Mine a ɛwɔ Baja California, Mexico.

Nneɛma afoforo a wonya fi boleite mu bi ne:

• Arizona, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Australia

• England

• Chile

• Greece na ɛwɔ hɔ

Wɔahu Diabolite a wohuu no wɔ England wɔ 1923 mu no wɔ:

• Australia

• Austria

• Chile

• France

• Germany

• Greece na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Iran

• Italy

• Russia

• South Africa

• UK

• USA

Afei, yɛbɛma woahu nea wobɛhwɛ kwan wɔ boleite aboɔden abo bo ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Cumengeite ne pseudoboleite wɔ boleite so - nhwɛsoɔ a ɛkyerɛ epitaxial nyin wɔ baabi a pseudoboleite nyin boro boleite cube no so; Dick Jones nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Boleite Bo & Ne Bo

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na Boleite abo a wɔtɔn no yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ den ne nea wɔde yɛ nhwɛso.

Nhwɛsode a ne bo yɛ den sen biara no wɔ boleite ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no yiye, akɛse, na ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ matrix a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔntaa nhu te sɛ penfieldite so. Eyinom bo bɛyɛ dɔla 400 kosi bɛboro dɔla 3,000.

Boleite cube ahwehwɛ nketewa fi dɔla 40 kosi dɔla 280. Boleite ahwehwɛ a wɔafrafra no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 30 kosi 280, na ebinom du dɔla 700.

Boleite a wɔde anglesite ayɛ anaasɛ ɛwɔ so no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 100 kosi dɔla 300, na nea ɛkorɔn sen biara no du dɔla 950.

Agude ho yɛ na, nanso boleite pendants bo bɛyɛ dɔla 150.

Boleite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ boleite wɔ awuduru ho asiane kɛse esiane kɔbere ne kɔbere a ɛwɔ mu nti. Ɛsan nso yɛ mmerɛw, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nhama no bɛtwetwe ntɛmntɛm, na ɛbɛtumi akɔ acid mu. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wode boleite besie wɔ ade a wɔde kyerɛ nneɛma mu a ɛnyɛ mmofra anaa afieboa biara, na hyɛ ahobammɔ nneɛma bere a woredi ho dwuma no.

Wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho no , boleite nyɛ adwuma wɔ nsu mu nanso ɛtumi nwura acid mu. Yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ fa to mu na amma mfutuma ankɔ mu na woanhohoro.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Boleite mfonini nketewa akɛse a wɔadi afra a ɛwɔ boleite ahwehwɛ su ahorow a ɛsono emu biara mu; Afuw mu nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano Bill Larson ne Ed Swoboda huu no wɔ 1973 mu; Mfiase no efi Oduruyɛfo Miguel Romero nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Boleite: Ɔbo a Ɔboaboa Ano a Ɛyɛ Bruu a Ɛho Hia nanso Wɔdɔ no!

Efi kɔla bruu a emu dɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa so kosi cubic anaa twind nsusuwii soronko so kosi nnwom a ɛyɛ soronko so no, boleite yɛ ade a ɛyɛ dɛ ma wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano. Fa nea ɛntaa nsi no ka ho na wowɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛfata ma nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano biara!

Kɔtɔ boleite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko nnɛ!