Kurnakovite Aboɔden abo: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Kurnakovite yɛ borate mineral a enni kɔla titiriw wɔ inderite kuw no mu. Aboɔden abo no yɛ nea wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no nim no kɛse na ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma bi a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ neutron mframa mu.

Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea ɛho yɛ na a, kurnakovite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu mpo, ɛnyɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na nko na mmom sɛnea ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetwitwa ɔbo no na wɔahyɛ no nso.

Saa ade a ɛho yɛ na no ma kurnakovite yɛ nea ɛyɛ anigye kɛse na ɛyɛ nea obiara a ɔrehwehwɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na na ɛyɛ soronko no ani gye ho kɛse. Nea eye ne sɛ, yɛn nyinaa yɛ aboɔden abo soronko ho asɛm wɔ ha wɔ Gem Rock Auctions . Ɛno nti na yɛn aboɔden aboɔ ho abenfoɔ aboaboa akwankyerɛ yi ano wɔ kurnakovite ho — a ɛkata aboɔden aboɔ yi agyapadeɛ, abakɔsɛm, ne boɔ, ne nea ɛkeka ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Kurnakovite ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no yiye a ɛyɛ hann a efi Kern Mantam mu, California, U.S.A. | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Kurnakovite Ɔbo ho asɛm

Kurnakovite yɛ aboɔden abo fitaa a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde di dwuma sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi . Ɛne mineral inderite , a wɔtaa de di dwuma kakra sɛ aboɔden abo no wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse.

Nsoromma mu ahwɛfo kamfo abo fitaa te sɛ kurnakovite kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nnya ahonyade mma wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Virgo ne Kokoram ase no .

Te sɛ inderite no, ebia kurnakovite benya mfaso wɔ mfiridwuma mu afi nea ɛwɔ mu sɛ magnesium borate a nsu wom no mu. Wɔde saa borates yi di dwuma sɛ nneɛma a ɛko tia nsɛe, srade, adsorbents, ne catalysts esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ den nti.

Nanso, kurnakovite wɔ mfaso kɛse mpo a ebetumi aba wɔ mfiridwuma mu ma neutron mframa a ɛbɔ ho ban .

Nhwehwɛmu titiriw no yɛ afe 2011 nhwehwɛmu a ɛsɔɔ neutron permeability a ɛwɔ boron minerals mu hwɛe, a kurnakovite na ɛyɛ papa wɔ neuron radiation a ɛmma ɛnkɔ mu no mu. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 2020 mu kae no: “Wɔahu sɛ kurnakovite ne abɔde mu borate a etu mpɔn sen biara wɔ neutron a wɔtwe mu.”

Ɛno ara ne sɛ kurnakovite tumi a ɛyɛ den a ɛma ɛbɔ ne ho ban no ma ɛyɛ ade kɛse a wɔde ka kɔnkrit ne tiles mu ma ɛtwe neutron mframa, na ɛmma ahoɔden a ɛyɛ hu no ntumi nguan.

Kurnakovite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Kurnakovite yɛ magnesium borate aboɔden abo a nsuo wom a ɛwɔ aban kwan so sɛ MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O, sɛdeɛ Amanaman Ntam Aboɔdenfoɔ Fekuo (IMA) apene so no. Aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom kyerɛw aduru no sɛ Mg2B6O11·15H2O.

Saa ɔbo yi yɛ inderite kuw a eponymous inderite a ɛka ho ne:

• Inderborite — nsuo borate a ɛyɛ calcium & magnesium

• Inyoite — nsuo a ɛyɛ calcium borate

• Meyerhofferite — nsuo a ɛyɛ calcium borate

• Solongoite — calcium borate hydroxide chloride a wɔde yɛ aduru a ɛma obi nya ahoɔden

Inderite kuw no mufo dodow no ara yɛ monoclinic gye kurnakovite ne meyerhofferite. Nanso wonim kurnakovite yiye sɛ ɛne inderite wɔ abusuabɔ.

Inderite wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ kurnakovite mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ — MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O — nanso ɛyɛ triclinic crystal structure, na ɛma ɛyɛ dimorphs abien .

Wɔtaa hu kurnakovite ahwehwɛ sɛ akuwakuw akɛse a ɛyɛ abotan, na ɛyɛ prismatic. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mmanoma ba. Aboɔden abo no nso ba sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a wotumi paapae mu anaasɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛyɛ den.

Kurnakovite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw nyinaa nie:

• Mohs denden : 2.5-3

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla anaa fitaa, ɛntaa nyɛ ahabammono-akuturuku anaa lilac

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Triclinic

• Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ) .

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.488-1.525

• Nnipa dodow : 1.847-1.862

• Cleavage : Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi/Ɛnyɛ papa kosi nea eye wɔ {010} so.

• Akisikuru : Conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.027-0.034

• Apete : Ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Satellite mfonini a ɛkyerɛ Inder Ɔtare no fi 2019 ,adekorabea a wohuu kurnakovite wɔ afe 1940 | Mfonini no fi Europa Ahunmu Dwumadibea ; Ɛwɔ Copernicus Sentinel data a wɔayɛ mu nsakraeɛ 2019

Kurnakovite Abakɔsɛm

Russiani asase ho nimdefo Mikhail Nikolayevich Godlevsky kyerɛw kurnakovite ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ afe 1940. Ohuu mfitiase nhwɛsode ahorow no wɔ Inder Lake borate deposit wɔ Kazakhstan — nso type locality & namesake of inderite — wɔ 1938.

Ná type specimens no yɛ aggregates a ɛyɛ den, enni kɔla, a ɛyɛ den. Godlevsky de “J. J. Yarjemsky” (ebia Russiani abo ho ɔbenfo Yakov Yakovlevich Yarzhemskii) ho anuonyam ma sɛ ohui sɛ kurnakovite ahwehwɛ a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛdɔɔso a ɛwɔ ascharite mu wɔ ɛno akyi bere tiaa bi.

Godlevsky de Russiani abɔde mu nnuruyɛfo Nikolai Semenovich Kurnakov din too kurnakovite so.

Wonim Kurnakov sɛ ɔyɛ akwampaefo wɔ abɔde mu nneɛma mu nhwehwɛmu ne Soviet Union platinum adwumayɛ mu. Ɔno nso na ɔtoo Kurnakov sɔhwɛ a wɔda so ara de kyerɛ cis ne trans isomers nsonsonoe no din.

A. I. Spiryagina na odii kan yɛɛ kurnakovite yiye wɔ 1949 mu, mfe du akyi bere a J. B. Feigelson, V. E. Grushvitsky, ne W. V. Korobochkina dii kan yɛɛ inderite no.

Kurnakovite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ahwehwɛ a ɛsa yare a enni kɔla , nea kurnakovite kyerɛ no ne aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo a ɛtew ho, ɛne ne ho hyia, na ɛtew ho no hyia . Ahoɔden ayaresafo nso de kurnakovite di dwuma sɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo , ahoɔden beae a ɛkorɔn sen biara a ɛkyerɛ honhom mu ɔsorokɔ ne amansan nkitahodi kwan.

Nneɛma afoforo a wɔkyerɛ sɛ kurnakovite ahwehwɛ no sa yare no bi ne:

• Adwennwene a wogyae

• Asomdwoe a wɔbɛhyɛ ho nkuran

• Gyinaesi pa a wɔbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw

• Ahotoso a ɛrenya nkɔanim

• Awudisɛm a wɔpopa

• Honhom mu nhumu a wɔbɛma ayɛ kɛse

Afei, yɛbɛkɔ nea ɛde kurnakovite aboɔden abo bo kɔ soro no so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Kurnakovite ahwehwɛ kɛse a wɔayɛ no yiye a efi California, U.S.A.; Minette Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Kurnakovite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, nneɛma afoforo a ɛka kurnakovite aboɔden abo bo no bi ne kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, nea ɛda adi pefee, ne emu duru a ɛyɛ carat.

Ahosuo

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ kurnakovite nyinaa yɛ fitaa anaasɛ enni kɔla, ɛwom sɛ dɔte a wɔde ka ho no betumi ama anya kɔla afoforo te sɛ lilac, ahabammono-akuturuku, ne borɔdɔma-kɔla mpo de. Mpɛn pii no, kurnakovite ahwehwɛ a enni kɔla anaa fitaa nkutoo na ɛwɔ afã.

Twa

Faceted kurnakovites yɛ nea wɔntaa nhu koraa na ɛsom bo sɛ wobɛbɔ. Ebia wubehu sɛ wɔwɔ ahinanan a ɛyɛ fɛ, ahinanan a ɛhyerɛn, anaa ɔpepepem .

Mpɛn pii no, wɔtɔn kurnakovite a ɛnyɛ den (wɔntwitwa). Wobetumi atwitwa no nso ayɛ no cabochons ama wɔn a wɔboaboa ano.

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nneɛma a ɛda adi kɛse kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse, na nea emu da hɔ (dodow a nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu) di dwuma titiriw wɔ ɔbo bi a ɛda adi pefee no mu. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛma kurnakovite a ɛda adi pefee no brɛ ase no taa bɛma ne bo akɔ fam.

Nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka kurnakovite ho ne dɔte, orpiment, ne borate mineral afoforo.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Ebia ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ, wɔahu kurnakovite ahwehwɛ wɔ akɛse akɛse mu — yɛreka carat ɔhaha pii ho asɛm. Kurnakovites a ɛwɔ afã pii no mu duru nnu carat 1, nanso wɔn fã pa boro carat 4.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Kurnakovite ahwehwɛ a efi Boron, California, U.S.A., a Robert Herod hui wɔ 1988 mu; Aboɔden abo a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛwɔ Brigham Young Sukuupɔn Asase Ho Adesua Dwumadibea, Provo, Utah (U.S.A.) | Mfonini no fi: Andrew Silver, Ɔmanfo de

Kurnakovite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Kurnakovite taa ba wɔ nkyene atare anaa playas a boron pii wom (na mpɛn pii no sulfate pii wom) mu. Ano aduru a magnesium wom kɔ mu, afei nsu no yɛ hyew, na ɛma nneɛma no yɛ ahwehwɛ ma ɛbɛyɛ kurnakovite. Ebia aduru no nso ne sodium borates bɛyɛ adwuma ma ayɛ magnesium borates te sɛ kurnakovite ne inderite.

Aboɔden abo a ɛbata kurnakovite ho no bi ne:

• Inderite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Ulexite a wɔde di dwuma

• Tincalconite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Szaibélyite na ɔkyerɛwee

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Kurnakovite ahwehwɛ a ɛsõ sen biara no fi Boron a ɛwɔ California, U.S.A. Wohu Kurnakovite nso wɔ:

• Argentina

• China (Tibet) .

• Kazakhstan na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Kurokuro

Kurnakovite Bo & Ne Bo

Saa bere yi de, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ faceted kurnakovite aboɔden abo a wɔtɔn ne nea ne bo yɛ den sen biara.

Sɛ yɛka ne nyinaa bom a, faceted kurnakovite gems fi bɛyɛ $50 kosi bɛboro $1,300 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ $200 kosi $550 ne nyinaa (kae, pii nnu carat 1 enti wɔn bo nyinaa bɛyɛ nea ɛba fam sen wɔn bo a wɔbɔ wɔ carat biara ho).

Mpɛn pii no, kurnakovite a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 40 kosi 150, ɛwom sɛ ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛyɛ nwonwa bi betumi ayɛ dɔla 2,400 de.

Kurnakovite Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ no yiye ho hia koraa na ama wo kurnakovite ne wo ho akɔ so ayɛ papa.

Borate minerals te sɛ kurnakovite wɔ awuduru ho asiane, ɛwom sɛ nea efi mineral no nhama a wodi anaasɛ woma ɛka w’ani titiriw no mu titiriw de. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhohoro wo nsa bere a wode wo nsa aka kurnakovite awie no na fa sie baabi a mmofra anaa afieboa ntumi nkɔ hɔ.

Sɛ yɛsan kɔ kurnakovite a yɛbɛhwɛ so a, ɛho hia sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem sɛ ɛwɔ denden a ɛba fam, ɛtumi nwura acid a ɛyɛ hyew mu, na ɛwɔ mpaapaemu a ɛda adi pefee kosi sɛ ɛyɛ papa. Enti, yɛtu wo fo sɛ nhyɛ kurnakovite wɔ agude mu. Sɛ woyɛ saa a, hwɛ hu sɛ ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban na fa sie sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhyɛ bere ne bere mu.

Kwati mfiri a wɔde siesie nneɛma na bata kurnakovite a wode samina a ɛnyɛ den, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne brɔs anaa ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wode bɛhohoro ho no ho.

So W’ani gye Kurnakovite ho?

Kurnakovite yɛ borate aboɔden abo a wonnim no pii a wɔntaa nhu wɔ aboɔden abo gua so, nanso ɔbo no yɛ soronko wɔ n’abakɔsɛm mu, daakye a ebetumi aba wɔ mfiridwuma mu, ne ahwehwɛ akɛse fɛfɛ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ wɔde bɛkyerɛ.

Kɔtɔ kurnakovite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ fɛ nnɛ!