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Cinnabar Gemstone: Properties, Meanings, Value & More

朱色の宝石：特性、意味、価値など

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Cinnabar is a beautiful, vermillion red gemstone and ore of mercury. Its name derives from an Eastern Indian phrase meaning "dragon's blood,” alluding to the mineral’s vivid red hues.

From jewelry to art, this brightly colored gem boasts a multitude of unique uses spanning history. 

But cinnabar isn’t just admired for its physical beauty.

Many crystal healers believe that cinnabar benefits your physical, emotional, and spiritual bodies in various ways. The mineral is associated with vitality, victory, and the duality of life and death.

But wait… can you touch cinnabar? As a mercury ore, cinnabar is technically a toxic mineral. But unless you’re heating it or breaking it apart, it’s generally considered low-toxic and safe to handle (more on that later).

Curious to know more about this captivating, crimson gem? Keep reading to learn everything there is to know about cinnabar’s properties, prices, history, and more. 

About Cinnabar Stone

You know where cinnabar’s name comes from, but does the mineral have other nicknames? Yes, it actually has a few pseudonyms: 

• Cinnabarite

• Vermilion

• Minium (Latin for “red cinnamon”)

• Chénshā (辰砂) (Chinese)

Is cinnabar a rare mineral? You can find cinnabar worldwide, but only a few localities produce well-crystallized specimens. 

This mineral is most known for its scarlet-red color known as “vermilion” that has been used in pigment and art for centuries! 

Cinnabar isn’t a zodiac stone in the traditional sense. However, the mineral is thought to have a special affiliation with Leo signs. Cinnabar also vibrates to the number eight in numerology.

So, how would one go about identifying cinnabar? Getting to know its mineral traits is a good place to start. 

Cinnabar Specifications & Characteristics

The most striking physical attribute of cinnabar is its bright red color. Cinnabar gemstone hardness falls at around 2 to 2.5 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it easy to ground into a fine powder for pigments and other applications. Interestingly, its density of 8.1 is exceptionally high.

As a form of mercury sulfide, the cinnabar formula is written as HgS. Cinnabar forms as trigonal crystals, but large, individual well-formed crystals are rare. Massive specimens often contain impurities dulling luster and muting cinnabar’s notable reds.

Interestingly, cinnabar’s symmetry closely resembles quartz, and some of its optical characteristics are also the same.

Cinnabar is also a polymorph of metacinnabar. While chemically alike, they have entirely different crystal structures and appearances. For instance, metacinnabar is metallic-gray with a charcoal streak and a metallic to submetallic luster. 

Here’s an overview of cinnabar’s remaining mineral data:

• Mineral family: Sulfide minerals

• Composition: Mercury sulfide

• Mohs hardness: 2 to 2.5

• Color: Red to brownish-red

• Crystal structure: Trigonal

• Luster: Adamantine to dull

• Transparency: Transparent to translucent

• Refractive index: 2.91 to 3.26

• Density: 8.10-8.18

• Cleavage: Perfect on [1010]

• Fracture: Irregular/Uneven, Subconchoidal

• Tenacity: Sectile

• Streak: Scarlet red

• Luminescence: Non-fluorescent

• Pleochroism: Weak, rare

Cinnabar’s history goes back thousands of years. It’s time to explore just how this mineral got its start. 

Pictured above: Synthetic cinnabar antique Chinese snuff bottle 

Cinnabar History & Today

Cinnabar crystal has made its way through various cultures, all with their own unique uses for the semi-precious gemstone.

The mineral has been mined and heated to extract mercury for thousands of years. When heated in a furnace, the mercury escapes as a vapor that then condenses into liquid mercury.

Since at least the 10th millennium B.C, ancient civilizations across the world have used cinnabar powder as vermilion pigment for producing all types of artistic and cosmetic paints. 

For instance, the Greeks and Romans used cinnabar paint in their triumphal processions and ornamental sculptures. Neolithic cultures also used it to adorn skulls and bones during burial rituals. Some Ayurvedic medicines even used powdered cinnabar.

Cinnabar pigment was especially popular for making red lacquer across China. While its use has declined over the years, some traditional use of cinnabar in Chinese lacquer still continues today — especially for ritual blessings and burial ceremonies. 

Today, cinnabar’s use in paint and jewelry has mostly retired (due to the mineral’s toxicity), deeming any cinnabar jewelry or carvings as valuable relics of history. 

Metaphysically, what is cinnabar used for?

Image credit: James St. John | Flickr

Cinnabar Healing Properties

Like most gemstones, you can use cinnabar as a healing stone to support your physical, mental, and emotional well-being. 

Similar to other red gemstones, cinnabar crystals symbolize warmth, sexuality, revolution, and power. Its transformative energy is said to improve and protect your life at every level. 

First, let’s see how cinnabar can remedy your physical wellness. 

Physical Healing

Cinnabar is mainly celebrated as a sexual healer. Its red, fiery energy can treat sexual conditions, support fertility, and spark a sexual awakening. 

Its associations with blood are believed to make cinnabar incredibly supportive for treating blood disorders, viral infections, and fungal infections. The mineral is also thought to increase the formation of white blood cells and enhance your immunity.

Emotional Healing

If you struggle with depression or self-isolation, cinnabar can be a powerful tool for emotional strength. It’s purported to fend off depressive thoughts and aloofness, enhancing your confidence and ability to socialize.

Cinnabar can also help you with making decisions. It can induce you to think wisely about all your options and inspire you to find the right solution for yourself and those you care for. 

Chakra Healing

Some crystals can be used as chakra stones to activate or balance energy in the chakras (or energy centers) along your body. 

Cinnabar uses its energy to heal your root (or Muladhara) chakra located at the base of the spine. This chakral energy point is your hub of stability, security, and vitality. Many know it as your “survival center.”

If you’re experiencing guilt, anxiety, or overall instability, it could indicate a blocked root chakra. Meditating with cinnabar supports your root chakra allowing you to feel more grounded, energetic, and interconnected to the world around you. 

Balancing Energy 

Cinnabar is considered one of the most important minerals in Feng Shui, the ancient practice of arranging living spaces to create energy balance and flow.

In Feng Shui, this mineral is used to unlock opportunity and prosperity while putting to rest the negative experiences of the past. Cinnabar’s ideal placement belongs anywhere you want to attract wealth and abundance, like an office or storefront. 

Moving on, how much is cinnabar worth? It all comes down to grading. 

Cinnabar Gemstone Properties

Every gem has specific characteristics that help appraisers determine its market value. Most cinnabar stone for sale is graded on color, cut, weight, and, sometimes, historical significance. 

Color

Cinnabar’s most desired color is the signature vermilion red. However, that’s not the only cinnabar color. It can also be a deeper, scarlet red to brownish-red and even silvery-gray.

Nonetheless, cinnabar’s famous vermilion remains the MVP. 

Cut

As an infrequently encountered gem, cinnabar is rarely faceted. When it is, these gems are highly valued and sought-after. 

On the other hand, cabochons are surprisingly common and easy to find. 

Cinnabar’s most affordable and standard cut is no cut at all. You’ll often find the mineral sold raw (rough) with plenty of variations in value.

Clarity

Sometimes, cinnabar can occur with inclusions of quartz, dolomite, alunite, or dickite, making the stone appear more gray or brown. 

Other minerals, like calcite, pyrite, and barite, are also known to have cinnabar inclusions within. 

Carat Weight & Size

You’ll usually find rough cinnabar sold in grams (versus carats). These specimens vary in size, sometimes reaching up to several pounds.

Cut cinnabar is usually extremely small, rarely exceeding 3 carats or so. Some rough cinnabar exists that might cut up to 50 carats, but such specimens are rare.

Fine transparent Chinese crystals are unlikely to be cut at all as they’re extremely valuable as rough mineral specimens.

On that note, how does cinnabar form?

Image credit: JJ Harrison | Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license

Cinnabar Formation & Sources

Cinnabar is a hydrothermal mineral precipitating from hot, ascending waters and vapors moving through fractured rocks. It forms at shallow depths where temperatures never exceed 200°C (392℉). 

This formation process typically occurs within rocks neighboring recent volcanic activity but can also occur around hot springs or fumaroles (steam vents). 

Cinnabar precipitates as fracture fillings and coatings on rock surfaces. Less often, it deposits into sedimentary pore spaces. 

Geographically, where can you find cinnabar? 

Mining Locations

Technically, cinnabar occurs in all mineral extraction localities yielding mercury, most historically in Almadén, Spain. However, only a few localities produce exceptionally abundant or well-crystallized cinnabar. 

The world’s finest, bright red cinnabar hails from Guizhou Province and Hunan Province in China. 

Other noteworthy localities include:

• Kazakhstan

• Kyrgyzstan

• Mexico

• Slovakia

• Slovenia

• Ukraine

• USA (Arkansas, California, Nevada, and Texas)

Ready to shop for cinnabar? Let’s talk about price! 

Pictured above: Chinese carved cinnabar lacquerware, late Qing dynasty, China. Adilnor Collection, Sweden. Image credit: Danieliness | Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License

Cinnabar Price & Value

The price of cinnabar can vary according to its form. For instance, gems are more accessible than historic sculptural pieces. Nonetheless, cinnabar’s unique color and history make it a highly sought-after mineral for most gem collectors. 

Fortunately, if you have your heart set on snagging some of your own, there are price points that work for every budget. 

You can find rough cinnabar for sale, averaging prices between $0.07 to $0.40 per gram. 

Faceted cinnabar generally costs around $105 per carat, whereas cabochons can range between $0.06 to $3 per carat. 

Prices for cinnabar pigment vary vastly between $0.05 to $22 per gram, depending primarily on quality. 

Earlier, we talked about how vital cinnabar was to ancient Chinese culture. Some historic Chinese carvings made of raw cinnabar stone (like furniture pieces or sculptures) are valued at over $50,000. 

Fortunately, plenty of cinnabar carvings are available to accommodate every budget. You can find some pieces for as little as $4 and others for upwards of $9,000.  

The prices for cinnabar jewelry also vary greatly, depending on the metals used, the intricacy of each design, as well as historical value. Here’s an idea of their price range:

• Bracelets cost between $10 to $500. 

• Rings cost between $16 to $4,000.

• Pendants cost between $5 to $3,500.

Buying your cinnabar is just the first step — mastering gemstone care will ensure it remains beautiful forever.

Cinnabar Care and Maintenance

First, is cinnabar toxic? Cinnabar poses little danger to you in its natural mineral and pigmented form. However, when temperatures rise to a certain degree, it releases a mercury vapor that can be toxic if inhaled. 

Similarly, cinnabar shouldn't be cut or ground without water to prevent the possible inhalation of any dangerous mercury particles. 

Nonetheless, it doesn’t hurt to exercise some degree of caution and always wash your hands after handling the mineral or wear gloves to be extra cautious. 

To be safe, keep your cinnabar away from:

• Contact with pets or children

• High heat and sudden temperature changes

• Contact with harder gems and minerals

• Harsh chemicals and fragrances

• Ultrasonic and steam cleaners

To clean your cinnabar, use a soft brush, gentle detergent, and lukewarm water. Then, dry it thoroughly and store it away from other gems in a cool, dry place like a velvet pouch or fabric-lined jewelry box.

Color Your World Red with Cinnabar!

Cinnabar’s gemstone meanings and uses are vast, complex, and rooted deep in ancient tradition. From its rich vermilion hues to its historical ties and metaphysical uses, cinnabar is truly a one-of-a-kind mineral deserving the appreciation it’s garnered for centuries. 

Besides, who wouldn’t want to add a little piece of ancient history to their crystal collection?

Buy cinnabar gemstones today!