Smaltite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Smaltite yɛ cobalt arsenide mineral skutterudite ahorow a wonim no kɛse wɔ mineral a wɔboaboa ano a wɔntaa nhu nkutoo mu. Skutterudite yɛ cobalt arsenide mineral na smaltite bɛn yiye wɔ nea ɛwom mu.

Sɛ yɛka ne nyinaa bom a, wonim smaltite sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde yɛ cobalt ade, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ fĩ ma ɛyɛ hyew, na ɛda dade a ɛhyerɛn a ɛhyerɛn adi. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wotwitwa aboɔden abo no ma ɛyɛ cabochons, nso.

Ha wɔ Gem Rock Auctions, yɛde hoahoa yɛn ho sɛ yɛredi aboɔden abo nyinaa ho afahyɛ , efi nsoromma akɛse te sɛ diamond so kosi sum mu te sɛ smaltite so. Wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu no, yɛbɛkɔ smaltite agyapadeɛ, abakɔsɛm, dwumadie, ne mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ so a ɛma ɛyɛ underdog nyinaa so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Smaltite ahwehwɛ nhwɛsode a efi Germany | Mfonini no fi Didier Descouens, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Smaltite Stone ho

Smaltite (wɔbɔ no SMAHL-tyte) yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛnyɛ hann a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde di dwuma sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã ma cabochons. Ɔbo no yɛ skutterudite ahorow ahorow na ɛwɔ tin fitaa kosi dwetɛ kosi fitaa.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, wɔkamfo smaltite kyerɛ sɛ ɛde mfaso a ɛwɔ fam a asase so nsɛnkyerɛnne — Taurus , Virgo , ne Capricorn , pɛ kɛse no ba.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ akyi no, wonim smaltite yiye sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu.

Mfaso titiriw a ɛwɔ smaltite so ne sɛ ɛyɛ cobalt ade ketewaa bi. Sɛ́ cobalt fibea no, na smaltite a wɔde di dwuma no bɛhyɛ asraafo ne ɛlɛtrɔnik atirimpɔw ahorow ase titiriw. Batere a wotumi de hyɛ mu bio ne superalloys te sɛ nea wɔde di dwuma wɔ wimhyɛn engine mu no ne cobalt a wɔde di dwuma kɛse nnɛ.

Bere bi a atwam no, na wonim cobalt sɛ ɛyɛ bruu pigment na na wotu minerals te sɛ smaltite kɛse esiane cobalt ne nickel a ɛwɔ mu nti. Nokwarem no, ɛno ne sɛnea smaltite nyaa ne din no wɔ abusuabɔ!

Nanso ansa na yɛbɛkɔ abakɔsɛm no mu no, momma yɛnkɔ smaltite mineralogy ho mfitiasesɛm bi mu.

Smaltite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Ɛwom sɛ Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) nnye ntom wɔ aban kwan so de, nanso wobu smaltite kɛse sɛ skutterudite ahorow a cobalt na ɛwɔ mu anaasɛ enni arsenic, na ɛma smaltite no yɛ CoAs3-x anaa CoAs3 anaa (Co,Ni)As3.

Smaltite ne nickelskutterudite AKA chloanthite (nickel arsenide a ɛwɔ formula NiAs2) yɛ ntoatoaso, a nickel a ɛkorɔn a wɔde si cobalt ananmu a ɛde smaltite anaa skutterudite ba.

Skutterudite yɛ cobalt arsenide a wɔde yɛ aduru. Ɛyɛ skutterudite kuw no dea, titiriw skutterudite kuw ketewa no. Kuw yi mufo afoforo ne nickelskutterudite ne ferroskutterudite, nikel ne dade a ɛne skutterudite di nsɛ.

Efĩ a ebetumi aba wɔ skutterudite mu no bi ne sulfur, bismuth, kɔbere, kɔbere, zinc, dwetɛ, dade, ne nikel.

Sɛ ɛba suban ahorow so a, smaltite ahwehwɛ taa yɛ cubic, octahedral, anaa cubo-octahedral ɛwom sɛ ahwehwɛ a anyin yiye ho yɛ na de.

Twinning nso betumi aba, titiriw sixlings — contact twinning bi a ahwehwɛ asia hyia wɔ ase yɛ nsoromma a ɛwɔ nsɛntitiriw asia a ɛte sɛ nsoromma — wɔ {112} ne twins afoforo a ɛyɛ den so. Smaltite nso ba sɛ aburow a ɛyɛ fɛ anaasɛ nnuadewa.

Smaltite Nneɛma a Wɔahyehyɛ

Smaltite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw nyinaa nie:

• Mohs denden : 5.5-6

• Kɔla : Tin-fitaa, dwetɛ-akutu, dade a ɛyɛ fitaa, anaa fitaa; Ebia ɛbɛyɛ fĩ ma ayɛ fitaa anaasɛ iridescent

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Isometric (cubic) .

• Luster : Ɛyɛ dade

• Nneɛma a ɛda adi pefee : Opaque

• Refractive index : Biara nni hɔ

• Nnipa dodow : 6.1-6.5

• Cleavage : Ɛda nsow/Eye wɔ {001} & {111} so, wɔ traces mu wɔ {011} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ conchoidal

• Streak : Tuntum anaa tuntum a ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Birefringence : Biara nni hɔ

• Dispersion : Wɔnnim biara

• Optical effects : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ iridescence

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Smaltite nhwɛsode a efi Germany a ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ reticulated a anyin wɔ fluorite ne barite matrix abura mu; Wɔboaboaa ano wɔ 1800 mfe no awiei, kan no na Albert Petereit & A. F. Holden | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Smaltite Abakɔsɛm

Nea edin “smaltite” no kyerɛ no fi smalt, aduru bi a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ dɛ a wɔde cobalt ayɛ mu. Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo François Sulpice Beudant paw edin “smalt” wɔ 1832 mu efisɛ saa bere no, na wobetumi de smaltite ayɛ smalt aduru no esiane cobalt a ɛwɔ mu nti.

Nanso, na ɛnyɛ “smaltite” ne din a edi kan a wɔde frɛɛ smaltite anaa skutterudite. Sɛnea mmere nnidiso nnidiso no, edin ahorow a wɔadi kan de afrɛ smaltite, skutterudite, anaa saa aboɔden abo yi fã bi bi ne:

• Cobaltum Eineraceum — Georgius Agricola na ɔde dii dwuma wɔ afe 1529 mu

• Kobaltglants / Kobaltmalm / Minera Cobalti Cinerea / Cobaltum Arsenico Mineralisatum — Ne nyinaa na Swedenni nnuruyɛfo Johan Gottschalk Wallerius de dii dwuma wɔ 1700 mfe no mu

• Speiskobalt — German asase ho nimdefo Abraham Gottlob Werner de dii dwuma wɔ 1700 mfe no mu (ebia wɔde yɛɛ safflorite nanso)

• Arsenikkobaltkies — Germanni nnuruyɛfo Theodor Scheerer de dii dwuma wɔ 1837 mu maa skutterudites a wofi Norway

• Arsenikkobalt — Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Gustav Rose de dii dwuma wɔ 1852 mu

• Skutterudite – Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger na ɔde dii dwuma wɔ afe 1845 mu bere a wohuu no wɔ Skuterud, Norway akyi

Beaudant nso sesaa edin no yɛɛ no ​​“smaltine” wɔ 1852 mu, nanso edin “smaltite” no san bae wɔ 1925 mu bere a Amerikani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Lewis Stephen Ramsdell de dii dwuma bere a na ɔresua smaltite ne chloanthite ho ade no.

Smaltite anaasɛ Skutterudite?

Na smaltite apereperedi titiriw wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 yi mu ne sɛ wobehu nea enti a stoichiometry a ɛwɔ nnuru a wɔahyɛ ho nyansa (ne chloranthite de) mu no ankɔka ho.

Nhwehwɛmufo te sɛ Ramsdell, Norwayni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Ivar Werner Oftedal, ne Amerikani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Eugene H. Roseboom bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi ɔhaw no ho dwuma denam smaltite, chloanthite, ne skutterudite a wɔyɛe no so. Nanso wɔn nyinaa hunuu sɛ nsakraeɛ a ɛwɔ formulas mu no nteaseɛ nni mu — i.e. na wɔn nyinaa yɛ skutterudite, ebia wɔde afrafra minerals foforɔ a ɛwɔ samples no mu.

Ɛnnɛ, aboɔden abo ho animdefo dodow no ara twe adwene si nhwehwɛmu a Amerikani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Ralph Jerome Holmes yɛe wɔ 1947 mu no so, faako a ɔkamfoo kyerɛe sɛ wɔmfa “smaltite” ne “chloanthite” nixing na wɔmfa abien no nyinaa nhyɛ skutterudite ase no.

Smaltite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ abo a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛsa yare no , nea smaltite ahwehwɛ kyerɛ no ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛma fam na ɛma ɛyɛ den no hyia . Wɔde di dwuma nso sɛ chakra abo wɔ ahoɔden ayaresa mu de bue fapem ahoɔden mfinimfini a edi kan no: ntini (anaasɛ nnyinaso) chakra.

Crystal ayaresafo nso kamfo smaltite kyerɛ sɛ:

• Adwennwen a wɔtew so

• Nsusuwii a ɛma dadwen dwo

• Ahoɔden bɔne a woyi fi ahunmu bi mu

• Ɔbrɛ a wɔyi fi hɔ

• Nkɔanim wɔ ankasa ho nimdeɛ & nkate mu ahoɔden a wɔde gyina ano

Nea ɛboro mfaso a ɛwɔ so sɛ wode smaltite bedi dwuma honhom fam no, nea ɛte saa

Smaltite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Wɔntaa nhu Smaltite sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo araa ma wɔmfaa gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔde hyɛ mu nsii hɔ. Nanso, yɛbɛkɔ sɛnea atetesɛm mu nneɛma no betumi afa smaltite aboɔden abo bo ho:

• Kɔla : Dwetɛ a ɛyɛ dade a ɛhyerɛn no som bo sen kɔla a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ kusuu, ɛwom sɛ smaltite abo a ɛyɛ hyew no bo yɛ den mpo de.

• Twitwa : Wobetumi atwitwa smaltite nhwɛsode akɛse ayɛ no cabochons , nanso ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo a wɔde yɛ smaltite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na koraa sɛ wobehu.

• Clarity : Esiane sɛ smaltite taa yɛ opaque nti, nneɛma a wɔde ka ho no nnya ne bo so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Nanso, nneɛma bi a wɔde ka ho betumi ama smaltite a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu no atu mpɔn anaasɛ ɛbɛtew so.

• Carat Weight : Wobetumi atwitwa smaltites akɛse ayɛ no cabochons akɛse, a nhwɛsode a ɛkorɔn a ɛsõ yiye a ebetumi de bo a ɛkorɔn akɔ.

Sɛ yɛreka nkɔso kɛse ho asɛm a, ɔkwan bɛn so na smaltite yɛ?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Botryoidal smaltite microcrystals a ɛwɔ kurom hɔ nhaban dwetɛ so, a wohu wɔ Ontario, Canada | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Smaltite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Smaltite minerals taa ba wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ntini a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛkɔ soro kosi nea ɛkɔ soro mu. Saa abo yi nso tumi fi metamorphism ne metasomatism a ɛwɔ contact deposits mu.

Aboɔden abo a wɔtaa de bata smaltite a wɔde asie ho no bi ne:

• Safflorite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Calcite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Erythrite a ɛma mogya tu

• Quartz a wɔfrɛ no Quartz

• Rammelsbergite a ɛwɔ hɔ

• Bismuth a wɔfrɛ no bismuth

• Molybdenite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Nickeline a wɔfrɛ no Nickeline

• Cobaltite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Arsenopyrite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Pyrite a wɔfrɛ no Pyrite

• Chalcopyrite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Sereba

• Siderite a wɔde di dwuma

• Barite a wɔfrɛ no Barite

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Nneɛma titiriw a wonya fi smaltite ne Canada (Ontario & British Columbia) ne Germany (Saxony).

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛda nsow ne:

• Chile

• France

• Switzerland

• USA (California & Colorado) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Smaltite nhwɛsode a ahwehwɛ a ne kɛse yɛ nsateakwaa 1 a ɛforo fi matrix kɛse ne calcite a ɛwɔ ase, a wohuu wɔ Germany; Rich Northwest Tete Nneɛma Akorae Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Smaltite Bo & Bo a Ɛsom

Smaltite dodow no ara a wɔtɔn no wɔ hɔ sɛ nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa).

Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma bo fi ase bɛyɛ $25 ma nhwɛsode nketewa, ɛwom sɛ smaltites nketewa mpo betumi adu bɛyɛ $100 sɛ ɛwɔ hyerɛn anaa iridescence pa a.

Mpɛn pii no, smaltite akɛse no yɛ dɔla 40 kosi 100, a egyina sɛnea ɛyɛ papa so.

Smaltite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea edi kan koraa no: smaltite hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe. Ɛwɔ awuduru ho asiane kɛse esiane arsenic a ɛwɔ mu nti, ne asiane ahorow bi a ɛba fam wɔ cobalt ne nickel a ɛwɔ mu no ho.

Ahobanbɔ ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata kyerɛ sɛ wode smaltite a ɛwɔ ahina a wɔato mu mu no bɛto akyirikyiri afi mmofra anaa afieboa ho, wode ahobammɔ nneɛma a ɛfata nkutoo atwa, na wɔakwati sɛ wobɛwe ne nhama (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw a).

In terms of gemstone care , ma smaltite ntwe ne ho mfi acid (anyɛ saa a ebetumi apete) ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den ho. Fa samina a ɛnyɛ den, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde microfiber ayɛ anaa brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkutoo na ɛho tew smaltite ho.

So Smaltite abɔ Wo?

Smaltite yɛ ɔbo a wogye ho akyinnye, nanso ɛno ma n’anigye no yɛ kɛse ara kwa! Esiane sɛ dade a ɛhyerɛn fɛfɛɛfɛ, ɛhyerɛn bere ne bere mu, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ honhom ne mfiridwuma mu nti, dɛn na ɛnsɛ sɛ yɛdɔ wɔ ahwehwɛ a wɔmfa nyɛ hwee yi ho?

Kɔtɔ smaltite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko nnɛ!